1982.09.20《The hydrophobic interaction is long range decaying exponentially with distance》

在《Nature》发表的研究中，长期以来“疏水相互作用”是导致疏水性分子在水中溶解度极低的原因，并且在胶束形成、生物膜结构以及决定蛋白质构象方面起着核心作用。曾经有人认为，由于相互作用如此强烈，因此存在与之相关的“疏水键”；但后来人们认识到，当两种疏水物种聚集在一起时，这种相互作用涉及水分子的构型重排，因此其范围比典型的共价键更长。然而，历史上从未有过记载可靠的实验信息表明其力学相互作用关系。该工作在人类科学史上首次实现了在液相中0-50nm的疏水作用力的测量，这成为自DLVO理论被验证以来，一个具有划时代意义的工作，他打破了人们对于传统力学研究的局限，展示了未来研究的无限可能性。总体而言，这份工作主要有三个主要的贡献：1、疏水相互作用在长程内起作用且不能被视为源自任何类似“键”的关联；2、给出了测量疏水力的基本方程，并对其进行了修正，为后续的各种分子力类型的研究奠定了基础；3、表面活性剂和脂质双层之间测量的长程吸引力，其中亲水性和疏水性基团都存在于这些界面上，似乎可以很好地用范德华分散力来描述，这表明当水分子的局部结构由它们与附近亲水性基团的相互作用主导时，疏水性相互作用被中和。总体而言，该研究打开了新的表面力学的研究大门，也深刻引发了人们对界面水及其相互作用本质的更深层次的认识，具有划时代的历史意义，奠定了现代表面力科学与界面物理研究的根基。

第一作者：JACOB N. ISRAELACHVILI

通讯作者：JACOB N. ISRAELACHVILI

In studies published in Nature, "hydrophobic interactions" have long been the reason for the extremely low solubility of hydrophobic molecules in water, and play a central role in micelle formation, biofilm structure, and determining protein conformation. Someone once believed that due to such strong interactions, there exists a "hydrophobic bond" associated with them; But later people realized that when two hydrophobic species gather together, this interaction involves conformational rearrangement of water molecules, so its range is longer than typical covalent bonds. However, there has never been recorded reliable experimental information in history indicating their mechanical interactions. This work achieved for the first time in the history of human science the measurement of hydrophobic interactions between 0-50nm in liquid phase, which is a groundbreaking work since the validation of DLVO theory. It breaks the limitations of traditional mechanics research and demonstrates the unlimited possibilities of future research. Overall, this job has three main contributions: 1. Hydrophobic interactions play a long-term role and cannot be considered as originating from any association similar to a "bond"; 2. The basic equation for measuring hydraulic displacement was provided and revised, laying the foundation for subsequent research on various types of molecular forces; 3. The long-range attraction measured between surfactants and lipid bilayers, where both hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups exist at these interfaces, seems to be well described by van der Waals dispersion forces, indicating that hydrophobic interactions are neutralized when the local structure of water molecules is dominated by their interactions with nearby hydrophilic groups. Overall, this study has opened the door to new research in surface mechanics and deeply triggered a deeper understanding of the nature of interface water and its interactions. It has epoch-making historical significance and laid the foundation for modern surface force science and interface physics research.

First Author：JACOB N. ISRAELACHVILI

Corresponding Author：JACOB N. ISRAELACHVILI

The hydrophobic interaction is long range decaying exponentially with distance